Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate Phorbol Ester’s (PE), Total Fenols (TF), Total Tannins (TT), Condensed Tannins (CT), Saponins Content (SPN), amino acids profiles and apparent digestibility of detoxicated Jatropha curcas meal in finishing pigs diets, as well as biogas and methane production by the manure from cross-bred pigs fed this meal. Apparent digestibility coefficients of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Energy (CE), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fiber (CF) and Ether Extract (EE) were evaluated. Twenty crossbreed pigs with 70±1.95 kg initial weight were allotted in individual metabolic cages, according to body weight in a Complete Randomized Block Design with ten replications per treatment. On the last day of the adaptation phase of the digestibility experiment, the manure were collected and put it in bottles with hydraulic retention time of seven days for further evaluation of biogas and methane produced in liters and liters % of total solids. The content of PE, TF, TT, CT, SPN, were, respectively, 0.06 mg/g, 26.08 and 10.43 equivalent gram of tannic acid, 0.05 equivalent gram of leucocyanidin and 0.005%. The results of apparent digestibility coefficients were 83.80% (DM), 3.500 kcal/kg (CE), 13.45% (CP), 1.5% (CF) and 2.3% (EE). Regarding the generation of biogas and methane of manure from pigs fed detoxified Jatropha curcas meal, biogas production (1201.4, 1089.3 mL/g Total Solids) and methane (246.7 and 218.2 mL/g Total Solids) from manure weren't significantly different (p>0.05) between the treatments. So, concludes that detoxicated Jatropha curcas meal is a promising by-product due its nutritional composition and metabolic response which may be used in finishing pig diets without affecting the generation of renewable energy.
Highlights
The feed spend is about 70% of average costs of swine production for slaughter in Brazil (Girotto and Santos Filho, 2000)
The research involving the use of alternative feeds, especially the byproducts or waste resulting from the industrial processing of agricultural products and of modern practices of agricultural mechanization, are gaining attention (Gomes, 2006)
In relation to bioactive molecules analyzed in Detoxified Jatropha curcas Meal (DJCM) (Table 2), phorbol esters content (0.06 mg/g) is lower than that found for Makkar et al (1997), who evaluated the content of these in nontoxic to the animals varieties (0.11 mg/g), by Rakshit et al (2008) evaluating DJCM in diet for rats (0.2 mg/g)
Summary
The feed spend is about 70% of average costs of swine production for slaughter in Brazil (Girotto and Santos Filho, 2000). The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, phorbol esters, total phenols, total tannins, condensed tannins, saponins content, amino acid profile, the apparent digestibility of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal (Jatropha curcas L.) for finishing pigs and to evaluate the biogas and methane generation from the manure obtained from pigs fed this product.
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