Abstract
Agricultural waste, particularly lignocellulose, has been used in the second generation of biogas. Coffee pulp and chicken feathers can be developed as biogas raw materials because of their suitability as a biogas substrate. This study investigates the effect of the percentage of total solids (TS), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N, g/g), and delignification pretreatment on biogas production from coffee pulp and chicken feathers, and aims to compose kinetics using the modified Gompertz model. The results show that adjusting the percentage of TS at low-level speeds up the degradation process, which increases chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and biogas production. COD reduction and biogas production increase optimally at the 25 (g/g) C/N ratio. Pretreatment delignification aids microorganisms in substrate decomposition, resulting in faster COD reduction and biogas conversion. The 25% TS and 25 (g/g) C/N ratio with the delignification process achieved the best biogas production, with biogas production of 10,438.04 mL. The Gompertz method shows that the difference in TS percentage can influence biogas production. Moreover, the method shows that biogas production is higher with the delignification process than without it.
Highlights
Energy sustainability is one of the significant issues in this era
Petroleum (BP) Statistical Review of World Energy, global energy needs are linear with the number of births, which means that energy consumption increases every year because of the world population growth [1]
Anaerobic digestion is divided into two major types: liquid-state anaerobic digestion (LS-AD) and solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD)
Summary
Energy sustainability is one of the significant issues in this era. Based on the British. Biogas is produced from farm waste, such as cow manure [5], cabbage waste, chicken feces [6] Another potential waste raw material for biogas production is food industry waste [7]. Coffee pulp waste has a good fiber and protein content of 17% and 10.4%, respectively, and is processed for another purpose [8]. Chicken feathers are another potential protein source because they contain 85–95% of protein [9]. Anaerobic digestion is divided into two major types: liquid-state anaerobic digestion (LS-AD) and solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) Both methods demonstrate a good result in biogas formation.
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