Nutritional Diagnosis for Apple by DRIS, CND and DOP

Min Xu,Xudong Wang,Faqi Wu,Jianing Zhang

doi:10.19026/ajfst.7.1306

Abstract

This study derived and compared norms for apple, using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and deviation form optimum percentage (DOP) diagnose methods in the Weibei Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, China. A total of 68 leaf samples were collected from apple trees grown in Huangshan soils. The nutritional status was diagnosed by the DRIS, CND and DOP methods. The CND norms expressed as row-centered log ratios (meanÂ±standard deviation) for d = 5 nutrients for the high-yield subpopulation (producing more than 46.67 t/ha) were: VN*= 0.998Â±0.066, Vp* = -1.499Â±0.124, VK* = -0.189Â±0.283, VCa* = 0.217Â±0.213, VMg* = -1.035Â±0.267, VR5* = 1.508Â±0.144. The optimum ranges for leaf nutrient concentrations were: N = 27.23Â±1.79 g/kg, P = 2.26Â±0.32 g/kg, K = 8.63Â±2.50 g/kg, Ca = 12.73Â±2.66 g/kg, Mg = 3.71Â±1.12 g/kg, R5 = 45.44Â±3.95 g/kg. The regression relating CND to DRIS and DOP indices were significant linear. There was a multinomial regression equation between CND r2 and DRIS NBI, also between CND r2 and âˆ‘DOP. This study showed that the differences in CND, DRIS and DOP approaches did not lead to large differences in identified deficiencies. So, CND may in practice still be the preferred approach since multivariate methods could be further explored to assess nutrient status in plants, but people can choose any approach they want use since they had the similar evaluation result.

Highlights

China apple production and export volume rank the first in the world (FAO, 2010)
This research had the same optimum leaf nutrient concentrations ranges for K, Ca and Mg which were computed by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND), N and P were
This study showed that the differences in CND, Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Deviation form Optimum Percentage (DOP) approaches did not lead to large differences in identified deficiencies

Summary

Introduction

Almost 4.7 million hectares of apple are grown around the world and about 44% of those areas are located in China (FAO, 2010). Apple is grown extensively in this area with an average 601,520 ha in production and annual yield reaches nearly 8.6 million ton (SPBS (Shaanxi Provence Bureau of Statistic), 2010). In this area, improper use of fertilizers is likely to be the major factors contributing to declining yield and quality, though no local nutrition guidelines are available. The correlation between soil and plant nutrient status is often poor (Hanson, 1987), so the foliar analysis has frequently been used to be an important tool to monitor the nutrient status of plants. There were several approaches can be used to diagnose foliar nutrient status, i.e., Critical Value Approach (CVA) (Bates, 1971), Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) (Beaufils, 1973), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) (Parent and Dafir, 1992), Deviation form Optimum Percentage (DOP) (Montañésa et al, 1993)

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