Nutrition, yield and nutrient export in common bean under zinc fertilization in no-till system

Wagner Deckij Kachinski,Marcelo Marques Lopes Muller,Fabrício William Ávila,Julio Cezar Borecki Vidigal,André Rodrigues Dos Reis,Leandro Rampim

doi:10.1590/1413-7054202044029019

Wagner Deckij Kachinski, Marcelo Marques Lopes Muller + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202044029019

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn) is one of the most deficient plant micronutrients in agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant nutrition, grain yield and nutrient export rate in response to soil and foliar Zn fertilization in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Two field experiments in no-till system were carried out using two common bean cultivars, BRS Esteio (black bean) and IPR Campos Gerais (Carioca bean). Treatments were composed of soil Zn application during sowing and foliar Zn spray at flowering stage. Soil Zn application had effect on leaf Zn concentration in IPR Campos Gerais and did not affect grain yield of both cultivars. Foliar Zn spray increased leaf Zn concentration by approximately two times in both cultivars, but negatively affected the grain yield in BRS Esteio. Leaf concentration of N, Ca and S were affected by soil Zn application and leaf concentration of Mn was affected by foliar Zn spray, while leaf concentration of P, K, Mg, Cu and Fe were not influenced by the soil and foliar Zn treatments. In treatments without Zn, the descending order of nutrient export rate from the experimental site was as follows: N > K > P > Ca ≈ S > Mg for macronutrients and Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn for micronutrients. Foliar Zn spray increased the export rate of Zn, P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Cu and Fe in IPR Campos Gerais, while soil Zn application resulted in higher export rate of P, K and Mn in BRS Esteio.

Highlights

As for animals and humans, zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient for plants
Grain yield and first pod insertion height. Grain yield in both common bean cultivars was significantly affected by the foliar Zn treatments (p ≤ 0.05), but it was not affected by the soil Zn treatments (p > 0.05) (Figure 3)
For the cultivar BRS Esteio (Figure 2A), foliar Zn application resulted in a toxic effect, reducing grain yield from 3399 to 2643 kg ha-1, while for the cultivar IPR Campos Gerais (Figure 2B) grain yield increased from 3212 to 3744 kg ha-1

Summary

Introduction

It is estimated that about 50% of the soils used for grain production worldwide are deficient in plant-available Zn (Moreira; Moraes; Reis, 2018; Ram et al, 2016). Soil Zn availability to plants is affected by several factors, including soil texture, soil organic C content, soil solution pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil clay mineralogy, root system anatomy, rhizosphere effect, fertilizer types used, accompanying ion of the source of Zn used and contaminants that may be found in the fertilizers (Han et al, 2011). Zn acts on activity of various enzymes including RNA polymerase, carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) (Moreira; Moraes; Reis, 2018). The decreased photosynthetic activity of Zn-deficient plants may be due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity, decreased chlorophyll content and changes in chloroplast structure. Soils with low Zn availability exhibit lower yield potential and negatively affect the nutritional quality of the harvested grain (Sadeghzadeh, 2013)

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