Abstract
This chapter examines the eutrophication of estuarine and coastal marine environments, including its causes, impacts, and management remediation. Eutrophication is an increase in the rate of organic matter supply to an ecosystem and the development of undesirable consequences that pose a serious threat to the structure and function of impacted estuarine and coastal marine environments around the world. High nutrient loading and organic carbon enrichment have significant impacts on biota and habitats of affected waterbodies, such as hypoxia and anoxia, harmful algal blooms (HABs), elevated epiphytic growth, loss of essential habitat (e.g., seagrass and shellfish beds), reduced biodiversity, declining harvestable fisheries, imbalanced trophic food webs, and diminished ecosystem services and resilience. Management strategies to mitigate eutrophication of estuarine and coastal marine environments are discussed in the chapter.
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