Abstract
Traditional nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals hold pragmatic nature with respect to their definitions, claims, purposes and marketing strategies. Their definitions are not well established worldwide. They also have different regulatory definitions and registration regulatory processes in different parts of the world. Global prevalence of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals is noticeably high with large market share with minimal regulation compared to traditional drugs. The global market is flooded with nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals claiming to be of natural origin and sold with a therapeutic claim by major online retail stores such as Amazon and eBay. Apart from the traditional formulations, many manufacturers and researchers use novel formulation technologies in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical formulations for different reasons and objectives. Manufacturers tend to differentiate their products with novel formulations to increase market appeal and sales. On the other hand, researchers use novel strategies to enhance nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals activity and safety.The objective of this review is to assess the current patents and research adopting novel formulation strategies in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Patents and research papers investigating nutraceutical and cosmeceutical novel formulations were surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanosystems and advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and market appeal of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals current technologies, highlighting their pros, cons, misconceptions, regulatory definitions and market. This review also aims in separating the science from fiction in the nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals development, research and marketing.
Highlights
The famous Hippocrates' quote (400 BC), “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”, represents that there has been a great interest in herbal products since decades [1]
This study showed that Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) had a significant therapeutic effects on overweight mild asthmatic participants by improving Body Mass Index (BMI) and Airway Hyper-Responsiveness (AHR) [38]
This study showed that this system improved the molecular stability of quercetin against pH degradation and ultra violet (UV) irradiation and high antioxidant activity [97]
Summary
The famous Hippocrates' quote (400 BC), “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”, represents that there has been a great interest in herbal products since decades [1]. There were many historical civilizations, such as ancient Egyptian, Greek, Roman and others that used herbal products and plants in treating and preventing diseases [2]. Dioscorides, the father of pharmacognosy, wrote “De Materia Medica” book in 77 AD, which included 657 plant originated medicines [3]. Ginseng had been used in China for treating and preventing different health problems [4]. Ancient Egyptians used many plants, including garlic, turmeric, thyme, cumin, juniper and others in medicine [3].
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