Nursing interventions reduce postoperative urinary retention in fast-track total hip arthroplasty: A pilot study

Abstract

Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication of spinal anesthesia that occurs in 10-80% of patients after total hip replacement (THR). Bladder catheterization carries risks for urinary tract infections, mechanical urethral trauma, urethral inflammation and subsequent strictures, pain, discomfort, an increased length of hospital stay, and a loss of patient dignity. We investigated whether simple postoperative nurse-driven intervention protocols, including the sound of running tap water, followed by caffeinated hot beverages (tea or coffee) and pouring warm saline on the perineal area, could reduce POUR and the need for bladder catheterization. This pilot study included 60 patients undergoing elective fast-track THR with spinal anesthesia and early patient ambulation. Patients with postoperative voiding difficulties received nursing interventions, including hearing running tap water, ingesting caffeinated beverages (tea and coffee), and warm saline poured over the perineal area. If voiding difficulties continued, bladder distention was examined by ultrasound. Catheterization was performed if the volume exceeded 500 mL or if distension caused discomfort or pain. Seven patients (11%) were excluded from the study due to prophylactic preoperative catheterization. Among the 53 included patients, 27 (51%) experienced spontaneous voiding difficulties and received nursing interventions, which induced voiding in 24 patients (45%, p = 0.0027), while 3 (6%) required catheterization. Simple nursing interventions reduced the need for bladder catheterization after fast-track THR.