Numerous nanoparticles as drug delivery system to control secondary immune response and promote spinal cord injury regeneration

Abstract

Spinal cord is the major communicating system between the brain and the body, injury to the spinal cord will completely cut or damage the information and signal exchanges between brain and different parts of the body. Spinal cord injury (SCI) regulates the physical, cellular, and molecular function of the body. SCI could cause impairment in blood flow, breathing, temperature, body pressure and sensory appendages. Thus, serious steps must be taken to prevent and heal SCI in human body by severe damages and shocks. Nanoparticles are emerging in the field of biomedicine and gained attention as drug carriers, imaging, mediator for supportive chemical and accelerating the immunes cells. In recent time, nanoparticles are gaining interest towards improving or modifying the immune system for the treatment of SCI. The drug delivery efficacy of nanoparticles makes them easy to incorporate and load with molecules used for the treatment of SCI, also it enhances the recovery time by targeting localization, altering the signalling pathways and cellular uptake. Researchers are using nanoparticles with different synthesis methods, morphology, incorporating materials, stability and site of target. But exploring the ability of nanoparticles towards improving the healing mechanism, regeneration of SCI and accelerating the treatment time is the major necessity. Thus considering the lesser exposure of nanoparticles in the area of spinal cord injury and regeneration of cells, the present review give a brief knowledge about the different types of nanoparticles and its role in SCI therapy.