Abstract
In this study, numerical treatment with the Lobatto IIIA technique is presented to analyze the dynamics of Darcy–Forchheimer flow for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a revolving frame. Stretching the surface causes fluid flow and the model is implemented for the transport of hybrid nanofluids. The governing partial differential system is simplified with the involvement of the boundary layer approximation. Similarity variables are used for the transformation of governing partial differential equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The results for single and multiwalled CNTs are attained by the Lobatto IIIA technique for the analysis of the resulting system. Adequate numerical and graphical illustrations are presented to investigate and understand how different flow parameters affect the velocities and temperature fields. Furthermore, the coefficients of the skin friction and the local Nusselt number are inspected numerically.
Highlights
The hexagonal structure of carbon atoms that have been shaped/transformed into thin long cylinders is known as carbon nanotubes, which were discovered by Iijima in 1991
Hayat et al.1 studied the effects of heterogeneous homogeneity occurring in the boundary layer flow of nanofluids, i.e., both SWCNTs and MWCNTs, which are produced by stretching cylinders having melting heat transfer
● A new mathematical model based on partial differential equations (PDEs) for the nanofluid transport process and rotating frame for flow in 3-D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) involving porous media is presented and changes the resultant model into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying suitable similarity transformations
Summary
The hexagonal structure of carbon atoms that have been shaped/transformed into thin long cylinders is known as carbon nanotubes, which were discovered by Iijima in 1991. Hayat et al. calculated and compared the obtained results for the Darcy–Forchheimer flow (DFF) of water-based carbon nanotubes due to rotating disks. Aziz et al. numerically studied the three-dimensional (3-D) MHD flow of a viscous nanofluid as a result of a rotating disk along with heat generation and slip effects. Hayat et al. calculated and compared the obtained results for the squeezed flow of water-based SWCNTs and MWCNTs for Darcy porous media in the presence of thermal radiation effects. ● A new mathematical model based on partial differential equations (PDEs) for the nanofluid transport process and rotating frame for flow in 3-D CNTs involving porous media is presented and changes the resultant model into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying suitable similarity transformations.
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