Numerical study of irreversibility analysis on pulsatile flow of blood through a ω-shaped stenotic artery

Abstract

The mathematical modeling of blood flow in a stenotic blood vessel is very important for understanding the effects of various geometric and rheological parameters on the normal flow of blood. The present study is concerned with the heat and mass transfer in the blood flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a ω-shaped stenotic arterial segment. The non-Newtonian behavior of blood is described mathematically by employing the constitutive equation of the Herschel-Bulkley fluid. The wall of the artery is considered to be rigid having ω-shaped constriction in its lumen. The mild stenosis assumption is used to simplify the fully coupled momentum, energy, and concentration equations as well as the constitutive equation of the Herschel-Bulkley fluid. Numerical solutions for fluid velocity, temperature, mass concentration, and entropy generation are evaluated by using the explicit finite difference scheme. The effects of various emerging parameters on the velocity, wall shear stress, flow rate, temperature, concentration, and entropy distributions have been analyzed in detail. A comparison between different fluid models has also been presented. It is found that the temperature in the Herschel-Bulkley fluid is marginally lower than that of the Newtonian, Power law, and Bingham fluids whereas an opposite trend is noticed in the case of mass concentration.