Abstract
Abstract The geostrophic adjustment process in a propagating jet maximum is studied through numerical experiments performed with a two-layer, nonlinear primitive equation model. Gravity-inertia modes generated by the jet streak from an initial three-dimensional balanced flow are isolated with the aid of diagnostic quasi-geostrophic and balance models. Them modes appear to represent gravitational subsynoptic “signal” rather than “noise,” and their behavior is examined as a function of initial core strength. Persistent unbalanced patterns relative to the jet core are discovered, whose amplitude increases approximately as the square of the Rossby number. Their behavior is suggestive of forced, rather than free, ageostrophic modes, and their existence implies that the “four-cell” vertical motion pattern characteristic of jet streaks in filtered models may be significantly altered in a real jet streak. The free response to initial data imbalances placed at varying locations in a jet streak environment is explo...
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