Abstract
This study aimed to simulate heat transfer in thermal equilibrium in the canine knee joint. We analyzed the impact of different values of blood perfusion available in the literature and considered blood perfusion rates. The geometric models of canine knee joints were created from a photographic record of a cross section of an anatomical part. Two geometric models were developed: one without the epidermis and one with the epidermis. A heat diffusion equation was used to model the heat transfer phenomenon. Numerical simulations of the canine knee in a thermal neutrality condition were performed using the ANSYS-CFX® program. The simulation results were compared with experimental in vivo data. The smaller percentage differences between the experimental and simulated in vivo results were found in simulations that used the blood flow rate as a function of temperature. The computer simulation proved to be a good alternative to evaluate the temperature of biological tissues.
Highlights
IntroductionThe success, safety and efficiency of treatments that involve heat transfer are highly dependent on an understanding of the thermal behavior in different biological tissues
Thermal procedures have gained prominence in many healthcare applications, including the evaluation and prediction of thermal tissue damage (GASPERIN; JURICIC, 2009; GLUSKIN et al, 2005), use of hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer, cerebral hypothermia (VANLANDINGHAM; KURZ; WANG, 2015; KIRKMAN; SMITH, 2014), cryosurgery (SHI; CHEN; SHI, 2009) and therapeutic treatments to assist with rehabilitation (SILVA; FRANÇA; PINOTTI, 2011; TROBEC et al, 2008; ARAÚJO, 2009)
Studies that investigated the temperature profiles of living tissues (SINGH; KUMAR, 2014; STROHER; STROHER, 2014; NARASIMHAN; JHA, 2012; no complex geometry (NG); OOI, 2006) have continuously increased in number since 1948, which is when Harry Pennes proposed the first bioheat transfer model that related the temperature of biological tissues to blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation (PENNES, 1948)
Summary
The success, safety and efficiency of treatments that involve heat transfer are highly dependent on an understanding of the thermal behavior in different biological tissues. In vivo determination of tissue temperature is employed for this purpose, there are still great difficulties and risks associated with carrying out these temperature monitoring measures, mainly due to the invasive nature, inaccuracy in the control of various parameters and the limitations of the measures (TROBEC et al, 2008). Studies that investigated the temperature profiles of living tissues (SINGH; KUMAR, 2014; STROHER; STROHER, 2014; NARASIMHAN; JHA, 2012; NG; OOI, 2006) have continuously increased in number since 1948, which is when Harry Pennes proposed the first bioheat transfer model that related the temperature of biological tissues to blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation (PENNES, 1948). Many alternative bioheat transfer models have been developed (MITCHELL; MYERS, 1968; KELLER; SEILER, 1971; WULF, 1974; CHEN; HOLMES, 1980; WEINBAUM; JIJI; LEMONS, 1984), providing a quantitative analysis of the complex heat transfer phenomena in living tissues.
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