Abstract
In active earthquake zones, it is very likely that the structures would experience multiple shakings in major seismic events. For underground structures, the soil-structure interactions and the resultant dynamic responses could vary significantly according to the characteristics of the shakings. In this paper, the scenario of a shallow tunnel in liquefiable ground subject to multiple shakings is studied. The OpenSees platform and the PM4Sand constitutive model are employed to construct a plane-strain numerical model, where a rectangular tunnel is buried in saturated Hostun sand. Its validity is verified by the data from a centrifuge test of four consecutive shakings. The numerical soil-structure system is then configured for further investigation on the subject matter. Firstly, the liquefaction-induced uplift is identified as the main threat to the integrity of the tunnel in a seismic event of multiple shakings. Then, the pertinent soil-structure interactions are intensely discussed in a parametric analysis considering the influences of the permeability coefficient, the tunnel self-weight, and the shaking sequence.
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