Abstract
The Temple of Apollo Pythios in Gortyn (Crete, Greece) dates back to the mid-7th century BC. The temple underwent several transformations and an ultimate destruction over time that resulted in the current remains of a Roman colonnade composed of six fragmented stone columns lying on the ground within the naos. In addition, the region was struck by several earthquakes which contributed to the various changes. The analysis of the fragments composing the column portions and their geometric features provided a possible outline for their standing repositioning. Based on the current seismic hazard of the region, a predictive numerical model of the colonnade in the anastylosis conditions suggested the need for proper connections between the fragments and the bases to ensure their overall conservation as a compound structure. The comparison of various configurations of intervention and the simple superimposition of the fragments also provided details on the accomplishment of minimal and compatible solutions.
Highlights
The current pattern of the fragmented elements detected in the Temple of Apollo allowed the possible ancient layout of six standing columns to be recomposed
This work presented amulti-disciplinary multi-disciplinary approach tooptimize optimize archaeological studThis work presented approach archaeological studThis work presented a amulti-disciplinary approach to to optimize archaeological studies, ies, engineering procedures and restoration criteria to support the proposal of an anastyloies, engineering procedures restoration criteria to support proposal of anastylosis an anastyloengineering procedures and and restoration criteria to support the the proposal of an model for thefragmented fragmented columns ofthe theTemple
This sissismodel for the columns ofofApollo ininGortyn. This model for the fragmented columns of theofTemple of Apollo. This proceprocedure allowed theproposal proposal preliminary anastylosis sixout outofof eightcolcolprocedure allowed the ofofa apreliminary anastylosis ofofsix eight dure allowed the proposal of a preliminary anastylosis modelmodel ofmodel six out of eight columns, umns, which were recomposed with all the fragmented elements lying on the ground umns, which were recomposed with all the fragmented elements lying on the ground which were recomposed with all the fragmented elements lying on the ground of theofof thetemple
Summary
The difficulties related to the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage are due to the high level of historical and technical knowledge required, the many unknowns related to material properties, the complex intervention methodology and the strict rules These issues are deepened in the case of archaeological artifacts, which are usually found in an incomplete form and in a compromised conservation status. Classification new, violent seismic shock occurred in 670 AD and threatened the integrity of a large part ofThe the urban landscape; thishas event started phase of decline, city resisted [66]. A new, violent seismic shock occurred in 670 AD and threatened the integrity of a large part of the urban landscape; this event started a phase of decline, the city resisted against it until the beginning of the ninth century AD [66]. After the end of ancient Gortyn, under the Venetian dominion of Crete, on the eighth of August 1303, a seismic event of about 8 Mw with its epicenter in Crete occurred again in the Mediterranean area, involving a tsunami, the flooding of the Nile river and landAfterThe the end ancientdamage
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