Abstract
In this paper, the phenomenon of natural convection in a square cavity filled with copper (Cu) -based nanofluid (Nf) has been studied. The influences of the volume fraction (ф) on the convective flow, as well as the effect of the inclination (γ) of the cavity on thermal performances were examined. The dimensionless governing equations formulated using stream function, vorticity, and temperatures were solved by finite difference methods, where the Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration and the upwind scheme were adopted. The developed code served as a verification of results where it showed a good agreement with previous works. The calculation code was then used to visualize the influence of the inclination on the thermal enhancement and showed that the transfer becomes more efficient with an inclination of π/6.
Highlights
The phenomenon of convection remains a current and much diversified research axis
The mastery and performance management of this type of transfer has become a major issue in the industry, its study has been the subject of several research projects crowned by publications in the field [1,2,3,4,5]
The governing Eqs. (6)–(8) with corresponding initial and boundary conditions have been solved by finite difference method, where the Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration is used for the stream function equation (8) and the Upwind scheme is used for vorticity and temperature equation (6-7)
Summary
The phenomenon of convection remains a current and much diversified research axis. This is justified by a set of recently published research works. Several works have been focused on the study of convective flows in several geometries, namely square cavities. Karatas et al [6] carried out an experimental study of the phenomenon of convection in a rectangular cavity subjected to a radiation considered as a source of thermal excitation. Convection within a ventilated cavity has been the subject of a numerical work by Ismael el al. Several numerical methods have been implemented to solve the problem of convection in cavities. Other works concentrated on the study of the nanofluids in the square cavities [10]. Kogawa et al [13] investigated the influence of the concentration of nanofluids on thermal convection
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