Abstract
A numerical study was conducted to investigate the in-plane behavior of a masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame retrofitted with textile-reinforced mortar (TRM). A two-dimensional finite element model was developed using DIANA finite element analysis (FEA) software to simulate the 2 : 3 scaled three-storey masonry-infilled RC frame retrofitted with TRM that was studied experimentally in the past. The three-storey structure used in the test was with a nonseismic design and detailing, and was subjected to in-plane displacement-control cyclic loading. The current study evaluates the capabilities of a representative numerical model to simulate the results of the experimental test, and after the calibration of the numerical model sensitivity analysis and parametric study were performed. In order to create an accurate numerical model, suitable constitutive models, based on the smeared crack approach, were used to characterize the nonlinear response of concrete, masonry infill, and TRM. The calibration of the models was based on the experimental results or inverse fitting based on optimizing the simulation of the response. The numerical model proved capable of simulating the in-plane behavior of the retrofitted masonry-infilled RC frame with good accuracy in terms of initial stiffness, and its deterioration, shear capacity, and cracking patterns. The calibrated model was then used to perform sensitivity analysis in order to examine the influence of infill-frame interface properties (tangential and normal stiffness) on the behavior of the retrofitted infilled frame. The numerical results showed that the gap opening is influenced significantly by the stiffness of the interface. In addition, a parametric study was performed in order to evaluate the importance of the full-bond condition between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame. The numerical results indicate that the composite action between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame improves the global stiffness and lateral resistance of the infilled frame, and it reduces the gap opening between the masonry infill and the RC frame.
Highlights
Masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are widely dispersed around the world, and most of them are located in the seismic region while they were built before the development of new seismic design codes. erefore, seismic retrofitting of existing masonry structures is nowadays a challenging engineering problem, since the most significant seismic risk in the world today is associated with existing buildings
A parametric study was performed in order to evaluate the importance of the full-bond condition between the textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and the masonry-infilled RC frame. e numerical results indicate that composite action between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame improves the global stiffness and lateral resistance of the infilled frame, and it reduces the gap opening between the masonry infill and the RC frame
It is observed that the proposed numerical model is capable of detecting the major features of the real behavior of the TRMretrofitted masonry-infilled RC frame. e crack propagation and the global performance of retrofitted masonry-infilled RC frame in terms of base shear, stiffness, and energy are well reproduced by the numerical model. e discrepancy between numerical and experimental results is due to the nonlinearities that are introduced in the last cycle during the experiment
Summary
Masonry-infilled RC frame structures are widely dispersed around the world, and most of them are located in the seismic region while they were built before the development of new seismic design codes. erefore, seismic retrofitting of existing masonry structures is nowadays a challenging engineering problem, since the most significant seismic risk in the world today is associated with existing buildings. Different modelling techniques that simulate the behavior of the infill wall can be found and can divided into three categories [49, 50] as follows: detailed or simplified micromodelling approach, where the bricks, mortar, and the interface between them are modelled separately by continuum elements or the bricks are modeled by continumm elements and the interaction between brick units and mortar with interface elements with an effective thickness [51,52,53], macromodelling where the bricks and mortar are modeled by a continumm element or the infill wall is represented by a diagonal equivalent strut (or multiple diagonal) element which is described by a constitutive nonlinear monotonic or cyclic law [54,55,56,57,58,59], and mesomodelling which combines the advantages of the abovementioned models such as computational efficiency of the macromodel and numerical accuracy of micromodels [50]. Is paper presents a numerical model that represents the in-plane behavior of a three-storey TRM-retrofitted masonry-infilled RC frame under cyclic loading, following the mesomodelling approach to simulate the masonry infill wall. A parametric study was performed in order to evaluate the importance of the full-bond condition between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame. e numerical results indicate that composite action between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame improves the global stiffness and lateral resistance of the infilled frame, and it reduces the gap opening between the masonry infill and the RC frame
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