Abstract
In this research, a comprehensive study is performed to investigate the interaction of regular waves with the impermeable seawall of the Chabahar port. First, a MIKE 21 SW model is used to transform the deep-water wave data to the nearshore zone. Then, the interaction of waves with the seawall is simulated using a well-known numerical smoothed particle hydrodynamics model named DualSPHysics. After validating the numerical results with the experimental data, a parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects of the wave height, wave period, and the slope of the seawall on the water level fluctuations and the wave reflection coefficient. The results showed that increasing the wave height slightly decreases the reflection coefficient. Meanwhile, a direct relationship was found between the wave height and the water level fluctuations near the wall. Generally, increasing the wave period resulted in higher reflection coefficients and water level fluctuations. Both the reflection coefficient and the water level fluctuations are greatly dependent on the slope of the seawall. Steeper slopes resulted in higher reflection coefficients and lower water level fluctuations near the seawall.
Highlights
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is one of the most famous particle methods that has been extensively applied in fluid mechanics and coastal engineering applications, such as landslides [32,33,34], two phases flow [35,36,37,38,39], wave interaction with floating bodies [40,41,42,43,44,45,46], and sloshing [47,48,49,50,51]. is method does not require predefined connectivity between points/ nodes
This method has some drawbacks, it has become an inherent part of the numerical arsenal of industrial research and development laboratories and academic industries. e main reasons are the growing needs of industry and research for appropriate tools for complex hydrodynamics, recent advancements in SPH theory that resolved some problems with this method, and the emergence of GPUs that eases the use of SPH codes to study 3D flows in real-life scales while keeping the computational times manageable [52]
Considering a rubble mound breakwater, Ren et al (2014) simulated the hydraulic stability of the armor blocks using a 2D DEM-SPH model [55]. e DualSPHysics model was used by Altomare et al (2014) to simulate the interaction between regular waves and a rubble mound breakwater and to calculate the wave run-up [8]
Summary
Numerical modeling can significantly reduce the time and cost needed for studying the wave-seawall interaction problems. e most common numerical approach for simulating the interaction of waves with coastal structures is the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method [25,26,27,28,29]. E most common numerical approach for simulating the interaction of waves with coastal structures is the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method [25,26,27,28,29] Since this method can only track the averaged quantity of the fraction function in each cell, it has some difficulties in resolving complex free surface features or those that are smaller than the mesh size. E main reasons are the growing needs of industry and research for appropriate tools for complex hydrodynamics, recent advancements in SPH theory that resolved some problems with this method, and the emergence of GPUs that eases the use of SPH codes to study 3D flows in real-life scales while keeping the computational times manageable [52] In this regard, there are some SPH studies on wave interaction with coastal defense structures. As previously stated, the obtained reflection coefficient data can be adjusted for different types of seawall using empirical roughness factors
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