Abstract
This paper presents a numerical analysis of the application of emulsified biofuel (EB) to diesel engines. The study performs a numerical study of three different guide vane designs (GVD) that are incorporated with a shallow depth re-entrance combustion chamber (SCC) piston. The GVD variables were used in three GVD models with different vane heights, that is, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 times the radius of the intake runner (R) and these were named 0.20R, 0.40R and 0.60R. The SCC piston and GVD model were designed using SolidWorks 2017, while ANSYS Fluent version 15 was used to perform cold flow engine 3D analysis. The results of the numerical study showed that 0.60R is the optimum guide vane height, as the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), swirl ratio (Rs), tumble ratio (RT) and cross tumble ratio (RCT) in the fuel injection region improved from the crank angle before the start of injection (SOI) and start of combustion (SOC). This is essential to break up the heavier-fuel molecules of EB so that they mix with the surrounding air, which eventually improves the engine performance.
Highlights
Internal combustion (IC) engines, diesel engines are commonly used in the automotive, agricultural and industrial sectors due to their high efficiency, reliability, robustness, and resilience as well as their low operating costs [1,2]
Biofuel is less susceptible to evaporation and does not mix well with in-cylinder airflow during injection. This results in lower combustion efficiency, an increase in specific fuel consumption, and lower torque, which eventually results in lower engine performance compared to conventional diesel fuels when biofuel is directly applied to compression ignition (CI) engines
The 0.60R guide vane designs (GVD) produced the highest Rs at the position of start of injection (SOI) at 346 ◦ C, and was approximately 12% higher compared to the engine with no GVD
Summary
Internal combustion (IC) engines, diesel engines are commonly used in the automotive, agricultural and industrial sectors due to their high efficiency, reliability, robustness, and resilience as well as their low operating costs [1,2]. Biofuel is less susceptible to evaporation and does not mix well with in-cylinder airflow during injection This results in lower combustion efficiency, an increase in specific fuel consumption, and lower torque, which eventually results in lower engine performance compared to conventional diesel fuels when biofuel is directly applied to CI engines. There are a few methods that have been presented by researchers in order to mitigate the issues of higher viscosity and density plus lower volatility of biofuel when it is used in CI engines These methods include preheating the biofuel before injection into the engine combustion chamber, altering the chemical composition of the biofuel via the transesterification process, emulsifying the biofuel with deionized (DI) water, blending biofuel with diesel at certain proportions, modifying the parameters of the piston-bowl, and adjusting the injection timing and pressure [10,11,12]. Detailed information on the design, manufacture and testing of the guide vanes is given
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