Numerical Investigation of a Centrifugal Compressor With a Single Circumferential Groove in Different Types of Diffusers

Abstract

Enhancing compressor stall and surge has a great importance for the development of turbo compressors. The application of casing treatment is an effective measure to expand the stall margin and stable operation range. Numerical investigations were conducted to predict the performance of a low flow rate centrifugal compressor with circumferential groove casing treatment in diffuser. Numerical cases with different radial location, radial width and axial depth of a circumferential single groove in different types of diffusers (vaned diffuser, half-vaned diffuser, vaneless diffuser) were carried out to compare the results. The computational fluid dynamics analyses results show that the centrifugal compressor with circumferential groove in vaned diffuser can extend stable range by about 9.1% while the efficiency over the whole operating range decreases by 0.2 to 1.7%; the results with half-vaned diffuser and vaneless diffuser can improve stable range less and the efficiency decreases more. Efforts were made to study blade level flow mechanisms to determine how the circumferential groove impacts the compressor’s stall margin and performance. The flow structures in the passage, the tip gap, and the grooves as well as their mutual interactions were plotted and analyzed. The flow transport across the tip gap in the smooth wall and the circumferential grooves were compared.