Abstract
Mathematical models describing turbulent recirculatory flows and alloy dispersion in the C.A.S. steelmaking method are presented. Two numerical procedures (the cell porosity and harmonic mean interpolation techniques) were used to model the presence of a baffle over the rising plume of liquid recirculating within the ladle. The baffle created a strong, narrow, recirculatory loop around the plume, together with a complementary contrarotating vortex in the main bulk of the liquid. Computations based on the standard two equation κ — ϵ turbulence model produced incorrect flow fields. Through simple physical arguments, ad hoc adjustments to two of the five empirical constants were made and realistic flow fields achieved. Predictions were compared to experimental measurements derived from the 0.30 scale water model of the 150 ton ladle being modelled. The relative performance characteristics of the algebraic model versus the κ — ϵ models of turbulence are discussed.
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