Μελέτη της διδιάστατης μαγνητοϋδροδυναμικής συμπιεστής ροής στο οριακό στρώμα πάνω από επίπεδη επιφάνεια με αντίξοη βαθμίδα πίεσης και μεταφορά θερμότητας και μάζας

Abstract

In this thesis the steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), compressible boundary layer flow, over a flat plate is numerically studied. The flow is subjected to an adverse pressure gradient, due to a linearly retarded velocity, that is known as Howarth’s flow. The plate is electrically non-conducting and it is subjected to a suction/injection velocity, continuous or localized, normal to it. The case of an impermeable plate is also studied. The plate is parallel to the free stream of a heat-conducting perfect gas (air) flowing with velocity u∞ along the plate. The flow field is subjected to the action of a constant magnetic field which acts normal to the plate. The fluid (air) is considered Newtonian, compressible and electrically conducting. The fundamental equations of MHD flow are presented in Chapter I as well as the characteristic quantities of the boundary layer which are used in this study. The laminar flow is studied in Chapter II where as the turbulent flow is studied in Chapter III. For both cases (laminar and turbulent) the partial differential equations and their boundary conditions, describing the problem under consideration, are transformed using the compressible Falkner-Skan transformation and the numerical solution of the problem is obtained by using a modification of the well known Keller’s box method. The obtained numerical results for the velocity and temperature field, as well as for the associated boundary layer parameters, are shown in figures for different free-stream Mach numbers M∞ and for the case (i) of an adiabatic flow (0wS′=), (ii) heating of the wall () and (iii) cooling of the wall (1wS>1wS<), followed by an extensive discussion. For turbulent flow, in Chapter III, the Reynolds-averaged boundary layer equations are used. Two different turbulent models, namely the model of Cebeci-Smith and Baldwin-Lomax, are used to represent eddy kinematic viscosity and eddy diffusivity of heat. These models are the most simple with acceptable generality and their accuracy has been explored for a wide range of flows for which there are experimental data. It has also been found that they give results sufficiently accurate for most engineering problems. For the turbulent Prandtl number model a modification of the extended Kays and Crawford’s model is also used. In the case of laminar flow (Chapter II) the numerical calculations showed that the application of suction moves separation point downstream, whereas injection moves the separation point towards the leading edge of the plate. The presence of the magnetic field always increases frictional drag on the wall but moves the separation point downstream for every value of free-stream Mach number. Τhis displacement is greater for small values of M∞. The combined influence of the magnetic field, localized injection and localized suction moves separation point downstream reducing frictional drag. These results confirmed for the three cases (adiabatic flow, heating of the wall, cooling of the wall) of the laminar flow and for various free-stream Mach numbers. Since most flows, which occur in practical applications, are turbulent the results in this case (Chapter III) are more important and are similar with those in laminar flow. 162 Precisely, application of suction moves separation point downstream but injection moves separation point towards the leading edge of the plate reducing drag. Application of localized injection and localized suction moves the separation point downstream reducing total drag. The presence of the magnetic field moves separation point downstream increasing frictional drag. The combined influence of magnetic field, localized injection and localized suction moves separation point further downstream as regards the other cases. These results confirmed for the three cases (adiabatic flow, heating of the wall, cooling of the wall) of turbulent flow, for various free-stream numbers and for two turbulent models (C-S and B-L). It is hoped that, in the absence of detailed investigations of this problem, the obtained results, are very interesting and give a clearer insight into the mechanism of controlling a laminar or turbulent boundary layer compressible flow.