Abstract
Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a method to fabricate thin films of micro/nanoparticles directly from solution. It has been used in various processes including sample preparation in mass spectrometry, polymer coatings, organic film formation in solar cells, fuel cells and ink-jet printing. In this study a comprehensive ESD simulation methodology consisting of two solvers, i.e., Solver 1 for cone-jet formation and droplet generation modeling, and Solver 2 for droplet trajectory tracking and deposition characteristic calculations was developed. Without the assumption of the initial cone shape, the fluid flow equation and electric field distribution equation were solved simultaneously to obtain the evolution of cone-jet and droplets emitted from the cone-jet tip under different operation conditions. Based on the droplet characteristics from Solver 1, the trajectory and deposition characteristics of droplet/particle were investigated by using Solver 2 with a three dimensional Lagrangian model. In order to verify the validity of the proposed simulation methodology, ESD experiments were carried out. Various organic solvents were sprayed by using the ESD technique to investigate the effects of the applied voltage and the properties of the solvent to the deposition characteristics. The deposition area of the sprayed organic droplets was observed by using a CCD camera. The experimental data and the numerical results are consistent in the deposition characteristics. The method proposed in this study will be very helpful for fabricating thin films of micro/nanoparticles with ESD.
Highlights
Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a method to fabricate thin films of micro/nanoparticles directly from solution. It has attracted great attentions recently due to several advantages over the other deposition methods, such as high deposition efficiency, no ring stain effect during deposition process, high resolution and uniform patterning, the controllability of the size of dried nanoparticle and so on. It has been used in various processes including sample preparation in mass spectrometry[1], electric propulsion [2], food and pharmaceutical industries[3], electrostatic deposition[4], and et al ESD can be described as at least three different processes
A comprehensive ESD simulation methodology covering the above three processes is developed. It mainly consists of two solvers: (1) solver for cone-jet formation and droplet generation, (2) solver for droplet trajectory tracking and deposition characteristics
Without the assumption of the initial cone shape, the fluid flow equation and electric field distribution equation are solved simultaneously to obtain the evolution of cone-jet and droplets emitted from the cone-jet tip at various applied voltage and flow rate operation conditions
Summary
Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a method to fabricate thin films of micro/nanoparticles directly from solution It has attracted great attentions recently due to several advantages over the other deposition methods, such as high deposition efficiency, no ring stain effect during deposition process, high resolution and uniform patterning, the controllability of the size of dried nanoparticle and so on. A comprehensive ESD simulation methodology covering the above three processes is developed It mainly consists of two solvers: (1) solver for cone-jet formation and droplet generation, (2) solver for droplet trajectory tracking and deposition characteristics. This study will be very helpful for fabricating thin films of micro/nanoparticles with ESD
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