Abstract
We present a study of wave overtopping of barriers. The phenomenon of the wave overtopping over emerged structures is reproduced both numerically and experimentally. The numerical simulations are carried out by a numerical scheme for three-dimensional free-surface flows, which is based on the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in a novel integral form on a time-dependent coordinate system. In the adopted numerical scheme, a novel wet–dry technique, based on the exact solution of the Riemann problem over the dry bed, is proposed. The experimental tests are carried out by adopting a nonintrusive and continuous-in-space image-analysis technique, which is able to properly identify the free surface even in very shallow waters or breaking waves. A comparison between numerical and experimental results, for several wave and water-depth conditions, is shown.
Highlights
The prediction of the wave overtopping process over barriers is fundamental to properly design seawalls, breakwaters, sea dikes and, more generally, structures that have the aim to protect inland areas from sea waves
In order to have a reliable prediction of the wave overtopping over a structure, a numerical model has to consistently simulate different phenomena: wave transformation from deep to shallow water, wave breaking over variable bathymetry, wave run-up on the structure, wave transmission, three-dimensional effects
The paper is structured as follows: in Section 2, we describe the numerical model; in Section 3, we describe the setup for the experimental tests; in Section 4, we present the results of several validation tests for the numerical model; in Section 5, we present the conclusion of the study
Summary
The prediction of the wave overtopping process over barriers is fundamental to properly design seawalls, breakwaters, sea dikes and, more generally, structures that have the aim to protect inland areas from sea waves. For this reason, a large number of studies (e.g., [1,2,3,4,5]) has been carried out in the past years with the aim of giving estimation to the fundamental parameters that govern the aforementioned phenomenon.
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