Abstract
This study explores hydraulic rams, a technology that exploits the effect of water hammer to pump water without the need for external artificial energy. Although first developed in the 18th century, a comprehensive numerical model elucidating the dynamics of each element, including valve manoeuvres, remains absent. Few authors have contributed specific models, often relying on simplistic approaches like rigid water column theory, or the method of characteristics (MOC) for water hammer equations with either instantaneous valve manoeuvre boundary conditions, or depicting the hydraulic ram as a single-node boundary condition. Some use sophisticated computational fluid dyamics (CFD) based models, primarily for optimizing individual components like the waste valve. Addressing this gap, this work introduces a novel comprehensive numerical model detailing full system dynamic – pipes, junctions, and valve behaviour. Analytical validation and experimental verification, using original laboratory-scale data, affirm the model's reliability. This advance improves understanding of hydraulic ram performance and encourages innovative, environmentally sustainable designs.
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