Abstract
The present paper focus on the theoretical analysis of the convective heat transfer and the irreversibility state of a laminar flow of a hybrid nanofluid inside a extended curved duct of circular cross section. This nanofluid is obtained from the suspension of the Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles in the pure water. The flow of the nanofluid start from a narrowed part of a curved duct of a semi-circular shape, its enlarged part is subjected to a uniform hot temperature. The present analysis deals with highlighting the impact of some parameters namely: Dean number (13.83 ⩽ De ⩽ 55.33), Richardson number (0 ⩽ Ri ⩽ 0.1) as well as the effect of the hybrid nanoparticles on the heat transfer rate and the generated entropy. The resolution of the governing equations that include mass, momentum and energy has been performed by the use of the finite element method. The results have shown that the rate of the heat exchange rise according to the augmentation of the Dean number and the hybrid nanofluid volume fraction. However, the flow system irreversibility is more important in the case of the highest Dean number and volume fraction. Moreover, a comparison between different simple and hybrid nanofluids has demonstrated that the latter is more efficient especially for technological and economic reasons
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