Numerical analysis of the effects of canal wall‐up and canal wall‐down mastoidectomy on the sound transmission characteristics of human ears

Abstract

Purpose The aim of this work was to study the effect of canal wall-up (CWU) and canal wall-down (CWD) and mastoid obliteration in conjunction with CWD (CWD-MO) mastoidectomy on the sound transmission characteristics of the human ear. Methods Three mastoidectomy surgical methods, CWU, CWD and CWD-MO, were simulated on the freshly dissected cadaver heads. Then, the finite element (FE) models corresponding to these surgical methods were established by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and reverse engineering technology, and the accuracy of the models was verified. Finally, the FE Models were used to analyze the effects of different surgical methods on the sound transmission characteristics of the human ear. Results For CWU, since the integrity of the outer wall of the ear canal is ensured, the sound pressure (SP) gain of the ear canal and the stapes footplate displacement (FPD) gain after this operation are close to normal values. For CWD, due to severe damage to the outer wall of the ear canal, a negative gain of the ear canal SP occurs in the high-frequency range, and the resonance frequency is significantly reduced. For CWD-MO, the frequency range of SP negative gain in the ear canal is reduced due to the addition of fillers in the ear canal to reduce the degree of damage, and the resonance frequency is increased compared to CWD. Conclusions The impact of three types of mastoidectomy, including CWU, CWD, and CWD-MO, on the sound transmission characteristics of the human ear after surgery is relatively small.