Nuevos datos cronológicos sobre la cueva sepulcral neolítica de l’Avellaner (Les Planes d’Hostoles, Girona)

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espanolLa Cova de l’Avellaner es uno de los contextos arqueologicos del noreste peninsular mas conocidos perteneciente cronologicamente a los inicios del neolitico. La presencia de tres cavidades con numerosos restos humanos y su cronologia neolitica tan antigua, ha hecho de este yacimiento un lugar de referencia sobre las practicas funerarias realizadas por aquellas primigenias comunidades agricultoras y pastoras. Las primeras dataciones que se realizaron a inicios de los 90 ofrecieron resultados con margenes de incertidumbre demasiado altos, que generaban ciertas dudas sobre su validez. Por ello, recientemente decidimos iniciar un programa de dataciones para concretar la cronologia de los tres espacios funerarios documentados. Se fecharon tres individuos, uno de cada espacio. Los resultados de esas dataciones y su contextualizacion en el marco de las primeras practicas funerarias del noreste peninsular constituyen el objetivo del presente articulo. EnglishUntil a few years ago, the available information regarding the funerary practices of the first Neolithic communities was negligible. Currently, this has changed significantly, thanks, particularly, to the works carried out in sites such as Cova Bonica or Can Sadurni. In this context, the Cova de l’Avellaner, the addressed site of this paper, was one of the best-known Early-Neolithic archaeological contexts from the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The site has three cavities with numerous human remains. This exceptional archaeological record and its old chronology have made this cave a reference site of the funerary practices of the first farming societies. The information provided, both by contexts such as Cova de l’Avellaner, and those currently being excavated, seem to show that the caves were selected during this time as burial sites. Different individuals were buried in those cavities, probably accompanied by different tools, containers and ornaments as grave goods. The problem is that it is practically impossible to assign such elements to each of the dead and even to recognize others who could be part of the sediment that covered the bodies. In any case, in this paper a description of the discovered materials are presented, since their characteristics can help to recognize which type of artefacts could accompany the buried and because they also have an added value as a chronological marker; this is what has helped us to define better the moment in which the burials were practiced. The first radiocarbon dates from Cova de l’Avellaner were made during the nineties and provided too wide margins, so their validity is doubtful For this reason we have recently started a radiocarbon dating programme, in order to determine the chronology of the three funerary spaces of the cave. Three individuals have been dated, one from each cavity. The main goal of this work is to contextualise the obtained results in the frame of the first funerary practices from the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The use of the caves as a funerary place disappears at the end of the fifth millennium, when the communities begin to inhumate their individuals recurrently in pits or stone boxes, especially individually. That period is known as “the Pit Burials Culture”. Curiously, at the end of the Neolithic and the beginnings of the Chalcolithic, in the last centuries of the IV millennium, caves are once again used as collective burial sites, at the same time dolmens or artificial hypogea also appear as funerary structures. We are currently working on the materials and human remains that were exhumed in this cave at the end of the 20th century. The magnificent state of conservation of the biotic and abiotic remains has led us to address new analysis that we hope to present in the coming years. Among them, the review of all the graphic and anthropological material, in order to evaluate if there were more buried individuals, but especially how the burial process was, should be highlighted. In this aspect, the so-called Anthropologie de Terrain has much to say. Likewise, we have started a morphology analysis of the dentition of the individuals that should provide information regarding the connections between these communities and other groups. euskaraNeolitiko garaiko hasieran kokatu daitezkeen kontextu arkeologikoetatik hoberen ezagutzen denetako bat dugu Cova de l’Avellaner. Izan ere, haitzulo honek dituen hiru geletan topatzen diren giza aztarna ugari eta aintzineko kronologiak, lehen nekazal eta artzainei buruzko ikerketarako erreferentzi bilakatu dute. Dena den, lortu ziren lehen datazioek zeukaten ziurgarritasun marjin altuek beraien baliozkotazunari buruzko kezkak sortu zituzten. Hori dela eta, datazio programa berri bat hastea erabaki genuen, haitzuloaren hiru eremuen kronologia zehaztu ahal izateko. Helburu honekin, gela bakoitzeko gizabanako baten laginak datatu ziren. Artikulu honen helburuak datazio hauen emaitzak eta hauekin, Iberiar Penintsulako lehen ehortze praktiken testuinguru barruan, egindako interpretazioak azaltzea dira.