Nucleic acid vaccines: veterinary applications.

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Few would disagree that immunization to prevent infectious diseases has significantly impacted the economics of livestock and poultry production globally. Unfortunately, even with these successes, there is a need to extend the impact of such vaccination programs since economic losses continue to plaque producers and in some instances limit the areas of livestock production or reduce the economic return to producers by limiting the export of genetic stock. To increase animal productivity, infectious diseases have been the primary targets for vaccination, although more recently, ectoparasites are also becoming a target for immunization.