Nucleation Reduction Strategy of SrNH<sub>4</sub>MgHPO<sub>4</sub> (Strontium Ammonium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate) Crystal Growth in Silica Gel Medium and Its Characterization Studies

Abstract

Kidney stones consist of various chemical compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate is the main inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms for the formation of crystal mineral oxalate are not clear. In this field of study, there are many theories including nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of crystals .The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalates, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace mineral elements have been previously reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents are grown in the kidney environments, the sodium meta silica gel medium (SMS) provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vitro). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, growth parameters within the different chemical environments are identified. The author has reported the growth of urinary crystals such as CHP, SHP, BHP and AHP. In the present study, SrNH4MgHPO4(Strontium Ammonium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate) crystals have been grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reductions. As an extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out such as FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM and etching and the results are reported.