Abstract
The effect of an externally applied high-frequency oscillating electric field onthe critical nucleation field of superconductivity in the bulk as well as at thesurface of a superconductor is investigated in detail in this work. Starting fromthe linearized time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDLG) theory, and using thevariational principle, I have shown the analogy between a quantum harmonicoscillator with that of the nucleation of superconductivity in the bulk and a quantumdouble oscillator with that of the nucleation at the surface of a finite sample.The effective Hamiltonian approach of Cook et al (1985 Phys. Rev. A 31 564)is employed to incorporate the effect of an externally applied highly oscillatingelectric field. The critical nucleation field ratio is also calculated from the groundstate energy method. The results obtained from these two approximate theoriesagree very well with the exact results for the case of an undriven system, whichestablishes the validity of these two approximate theories. It is observed that thehighly oscillating electric field actually increases the bulk critical nucleation field(Hc2) as well as the surface critical nucleation field(Hc3) of superconductivity as compared to the case of absent electric field(ε0 = 0). But the externally applied rapidly oscillating electric field accentuates the surface criticalnucleation field more than the bulk critical nucleation field, i.e. the increase ofHc3 is 1.6592 timeslarger than that of Hc2.
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