Abstract
Ribonucleic acids (RNA) and RNA−protein complexes are essential components of biological information transfer, catalytic processes and are associated with regulatory functions. This broad range of biological functions is paralleled at the conformational level by a large number of non-canonical structural elements or sequences with non-standard backbone conformations, e.g., loops, bulges, pseudo-knots and complex tertiary folds. NMR spectroscopy has evolved to a powerful tool for the determination of ribonucleic acid structures of up to 20 kDa. Uniform or selective stable isotope labelling aids in solving assignment problems arising from the inherently limited chemical shift dispersion and overlap of resonances for larger nucleotide sequences. Recent developments of multi-dimensional heteronuclear NMR pulse sequences allow e.g., to directly observe the hydrogen bonding pattern of canonical Watson−Crick base pairs as well as of unusual types of base pairs, thereby opening up a fast access to secondary structure screening of RNA. Detailed conformational descriptions are obtained using conventional NOE andJcoupling-derived data, nowadays supplemented by information from residual dipolar couplings. The latter method also provides a new means for the probing of dynamical features of ribonucleic acids.
Highlights
Ribonucleic acids are mediators between the genetic information and the expression of this information
Progress in the structure determination of Ribonucleic acids (RNA) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be attributed to the availability of biochemical techniques for isotope labelling of RNA and the development of NMR experiments tailored towards the extraction of relevant structural data
This short review summarises some recent contributions of NMR spectroscopy to the study of RNAs
Summary
Ribonucleic acids are mediators between the genetic information and the expression of this information They constitute the entire genetic material of some viruses, catalyse important biological reactions or are involved in regulatory processes. Progress in the structure determination of RNA by NMR can be attributed to the availability of biochemical techniques for isotope labelling of RNA and the development of NMR experiments tailored towards the extraction of relevant structural data. This short review summarises some recent contributions of NMR spectroscopy to the study of RNAs. O. Ohlenschläger et al / Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ribonucleic acids
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