Abstract
We employ Parahydrogen Induced Polarization with Side-Arm Hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) to polarize (1-13C)-pyruvate. We introduce a new method called proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation (PR-SAH) in which an intermediate proton is used to transfer polarization from the side-arm to the 13C-labelled site of the pyruvate before hydrolysis. This significantly reduces the cost and effort needed to prepare the precursor for radio-frequency transfer experiments while still maintaining acceptable polarization transfer efficiency. Experimentally we have attained on average 4.33% 13C polarization in an aqueous solution of (1-13C)-pyruvate after about 10 seconds of cleavage and extraction. PR-SAH is a promising pulsed NMR method for hyperpolarizing 13C-labelled metabolites in solution, conducted entirely in high magnetic field.
Highlights
IntroductionHyperpolarization methods are a group of techniques that address the limited sensitivity of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] These methods have led to promising progress towards highly polarized molecules for use in the chemical and biological sciences as molecular imaging agents[8,10,11] some of which are already on their way to clinical diagnostics.[12,13,14] Among the several metabolic substrates that have been hyperpolarized, (1-13C)-pyruvate is, by far, the most widely investigated.[15,16] Pyruvate participates in several important metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, which makes it a compelling probe of energy metabolism in biological systems.[12,13,14,15,16,17]
We introduce a new method called proton-relayed sidearm hydrogenation (PR-side-arm hydrogenation (SAH)), in which a bridging hydrogen nucleus is used instead of an additional 13C-labelled site, reducing the cost and effort of isotopic labelling with respect to rftransfer methods
After the proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation (PR-SAH) routine was concluded, the sample was allowed to settle at 55 °C temperature
Summary
Hyperpolarization methods are a group of techniques that address the limited sensitivity of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] These methods have led to promising progress towards highly polarized molecules for use in the chemical and biological sciences as molecular imaging agents[8,10,11] some of which are already on their way to clinical diagnostics.[12,13,14] Among the several metabolic substrates that have been hyperpolarized, (1-13C)-pyruvate is, by far, the most widely investigated.[15,16] Pyruvate participates in several important metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, which makes it a compelling probe of energy metabolism in biological systems.[12,13,14,15,16,17]. The method uses spin order from the para-spin isomer of molecular hydrogen which is provided by chemical interactions between a substrate of interest, solvent and a catalyst.[3,32]
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