Abstract
Skeletal muscle can repair muscle tissue damage, but significant loss of muscle tissue or its long-lasting chronic degeneration makes injured skeletal muscle tissue difficult to restore. It has been demonstrated that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) can be used in many biological areas including regenerative medicine. Therefore, we determined whether NTP, as a non-contact biological external stimulator that generates biological catalyzers, can induce regeneration of injured muscle without biomaterials. Treatment with NTP in the defected muscle of a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat increased the number of proliferating muscle cells 7 days after plasma treatment (dapt) and rapidly induced formation of muscle tissue and muscle cell differentiation at 14 dapt. In addition, in vitro experiments also showed that NTP could induce muscle cell proliferation and differentiation of human muscle cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that NTP promotes restoration of muscle defects through control of cell proliferation and differentiation without biological or structural supporters, suggesting that NTP has the potential for use in muscle tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.
Highlights
NTP treatment was performed through an enclosed spacer to avoid NTP interference in the control defect site, and the non-treated site protected with surgical cloth during plasma treatment. e and f: Masson’s trichrome staining of removed tissue
Skeletal muscles have the capacity to self-repair, but they cannot be restored after a major loss of tissue or in the event of long-lasting chronic degeneration[19]
We investigated whether NTP can be used for muscle regeneration in cases that are refractory and have poor prognosis
Summary
NTP treatment was performed through an enclosed spacer to avoid NTP interference in the control defect site, and the non-treated site protected with surgical cloth during plasma treatment. e and f: Masson’s trichrome staining of removed tissue. NTP treatment was performed through an enclosed spacer to avoid NTP interference in the control defect site, and the non-treated site protected with surgical cloth during plasma treatment. Muscle tissue was detected in removed tissue, Scale bar = 2 mm. That NTP could control the survival and phenotype of cells in a specific environment[13,14,15]. Therapeutic effect of NTP on muscle regeneration has not yet been determined. We investigated for the first time whether NTP as a non-contact external stimulator could induce the natural regeneration of muscle defects without biological or structural support and evaluated the therapeutic effect of NTP on muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo
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