Abstract
Over the past few decades, the immune system, including both the adaptive and innate immune systems, proved to be essential and critical to brain damage and recovery in the pathogenesis of several diseases, opening a new avenue for developing new immunomodulatory therapies and novel treatments for many neurological diseases. However, due to the specificity and structural complexity of the central nervous system (CNS), and the limit of the related technologies, the biology of the immune response in the brain is still poorly understood. Here, we discuss the application of novel technologies in studying the brain immune response, including single-cell RNA analysis, cytometry by time-of-flight, and whole-genome transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. We believe that advancements in technology related to immune research will provide an optimistic future for brain repair.
Highlights
The role of the immune system in brain function and development has been highlighted by several studies [1,2,3]
Changes in splenic B cell abundance were successfully obtained by Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), and the results proved that the primary antibacterial immune response and the immune response after pathogen reexposure could be induced by the activation of the reward system
This review summarizes existing novel technologies and discusses their advantages and limitations and explores how these approaches can deepen our understanding of the immune response in neurological diseases
Summary
The role of the immune system in brain function and development has been highlighted by several studies [1,2,3]. Immune cells are complex and dynamic and characterized by diverse cell profiles Their activity largely relies on their interactions with each other, along with other pathological processes following brain injury [5, 6]. The progress of human science and technology, especially the establishment and improvement of RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and whole-genome transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, allows us to delve deeper and wider into how the brain immune system functions and responds to various pathophysiological conditions. In these techniques, RNA sequencing methods have assisted in depicting the complexity and diversity of the examined immune cells [7]. Found including those associated with the initial search results, were evaluated for methodology and results and were included if deemed applicable to this review
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
