Abstract
New striking prospects both in low and medium temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and in water electrolysis (WE) have been opened by the interactive supported individual (Pt) or prevailing hyper-d-electronic nanostructured metal clusters (WPt3, NbPt3, HfPd3, ZrNi3), grafted upon and within high altervalent capacity hypo-d-oxides (WO3, NbO2, TaO2, TiO2) and their proper mixed valence compounds, to create a novel type of alternating polarity (alterpolar) interchangeable composite electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrode reactions. Whereas in aqueous media Pt (Pt/C) features either chemisorbed catalytic surface properties of Pt−H or Pt═O, missing any effusion of other interacting species, a new generation of composite SMSI (strong metal−support interaction) electrocatalysts in condensed wet state primarily characterizes interchangeable extremely fast reversible spillover of either H-adatoms or the primary oxides (Pt−OH, Au−OH) or the invertible bronze type behavior of these s...
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