Abstract
Novel monodispersed spherical TiO2 aggregate with a diameter of 100nm (SP100), which is the smallest TiO2 spheres (or beads) reported thus far, has been prepared by a controlled hydrolysis and hydrothermal reaction. The obtained SP100 is a highly porous structure with an internal pore size of 12nm and a surface area of 112m2/g, and is shown to be an ideal building block of mesoporous TiO2 layer for CH3NH3PbI3–based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized PSC employing SP100 exhibits photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 18.41% with JSC of 22.91mA/cm2, VOC of 1,049mV and FF of 0.759. Furthermore, fabricated PSCs exhibit reproducible PCE values with little hysteresis in their J–V curves. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurement indicates that the PSC with SP100 (PSC-SP100), compared to the devices with the nanoparticles of 30nm or 50nm size shows notably faster electron injection from CH3NH3PbI3 to TiO2 layer, resulting from the extended contact area between perovskite and mesoporous TiO2 layer. Pulsed light-induced transient measurement of the photocurrent indicates that PSC-SP100 shows significantly longer electron lifetime, which is attributed to the suppression of electron recombination caused by the unique TiO2 network.
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