Abstract
In this paper, we report an effective ultrasound method for the synthesis of Pd/H-MOR, which was used as a catalyst in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared catalysts were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The advantages of Pd/H-MOR in the coupling reaction are green solvents, high yields, absence of ligands, and recyclability. The catalysts were easily reused at least ten times without significant deterioration in catalytic activity. In addition, this protocol was used in the marketed anti-tumor drug crizotinib synthesis.
Highlights
Zeolites are microporous materials consisting of a crystal structure with molecular sieving characteristics [1,2,3]
Mordenite zeolite (MOR), which is composed of 12-membered ring (12-MR) channels with 8-MR channels, is one of the most vital zeolites with many industrial applications in the catalytic processes of toluene disproportionation, hydro-isomerization, and the method of producing ethanol from non-grain feedstocks [13]
ResultsThaensedaDs-pirsecpuasresdiocantalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption Tishotehseermass,spcarenpnianrgeedlecctarotanlmysictrsowscoepryea, catnedraizneidndbuyctiXve-lryacyoudpilfefdrapclatisomna-(aXtoRmDic), N2 so tion iehsmaostishasesiolrinmghssptl,eyscwctraoenamkneidtneifrgfr(IaeCcltePioc-AntrEpoSen)a.kmTihniecterXnoRssiDctyopapasyttceo(rSmnEpinMarFe)id,gautonredH2-AaMnsOhiRnow,dssuutgchtgaievtsPetidlny/gHctho-aMutpOthlReed plasm atomcicryesmtalilsinsiitoynosf ptheecztreoomliteetiserm(aICrgPin-aAllEy Sre)d
Summary
Zeolites are microporous materials consisting of a crystal structure with molecular sieving characteristics [1,2,3]. Zeolites have a wide range of applications when used as carriers to support metals for cross-coupling reactions, such as C-C coupling [4,5,6,7], C-N coupling [8,9,10], C-S coupling [11], and C-H activation [12]. Few pieces of literature have been published on the use of metals supported on MOR zeolite as catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. Suzuki coupling reactions have been reported as an efficient and less toxic method to form Csp2–Csp bonds [19,20]. A typical strategy in developing heterogeneous catalysts for Suzuki coupling is to deposit Pd species onto various solid supports. The problems of high reaction temperature, long reaction time [16], and an environmentally friendly solvent [4] still exist
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