Abstract
Changes in human emotions during the smelling of hop and ester aromas were assessed using a measurement system for human brainwaves. Brainwaves were detected through a headband sensor equipped with two electrodes placed on the subject's forehead. The detected brainwaves were transmitted to a notebook computer by a small electroencephalography amplifier and digitally filtered to extract alpha-wave components. Spectrum information on the frequency fluctuation of alpha-waves calculated for each individual was related to psychologically evaluated values of positive/negative moods, feelings of arousal, and degree of comfort to identify associations between the values of fluctuation characteristics and psychological conditions. It was found that the aromas of essential oil extracted from Saarzer hops exhibited a significant relaxing effect (lowering arousal) on subjects. Linalool and geraniol had a significant relaxing effect on subjects, but alpha-humulene and myrcene did not. Esters, a mixture of ethyl and isoamyl acetates, also had a significant relaxing effect on subjects. The measurement of brainwaves is a novel approach to determine the psychological and neurophysiological significance of the effects of smelling beer aroma components on changes in human emotions.
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