Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, the development of advanced biomaterials is crucial to address the challenges associated with the treatment and regeneration of bone defects. This study presents a novel polymeric nanocomposite consisting of Polycaprolactone (PCL) integrated with graphene oxide (GO) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, aiming to comprehensively explore its multifaceted potential for bone tissue engineering applications. The physicochemical properties of the composite films were analyzed. Biodegradation studies showed superior degradability to pure PCL due to added hydrophilic features and increased nanofiller-induced surface porosity. The remarkable improvement in mechanical stability is attributed to the uniform dispersion of nanofillers. Assessments of surface wettability, demonstrate a noteworthy shift towards heightened hydrophilicity, rendering a more conducive environment for biomolecules. The hybrid polymer nanocomposite exhibits remarkable hemocompatibility, antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity, and excels in facilitating apatite deposition and promoting osteogenic differentiation. Biomineralization investigations and ARS assay underscore the nanocomposite's exceptional ability to promote apatite deposition, a pivotal mineral in bone formation, owing to the altered surface properties introduced by the nanofillers. The ALP findings imply that the PCL-GO-CeO2 nanocomposite actively supports and accelerates the process of osteogenic differentiation in MSCs, indicating its potential utility in bone tissue engineering. Additionally, cell culture studies conducted on HOS and rBMSC cell lines validate the nanocomposite's excellent cell viability, attachment, and proliferation, affirming its biocompatibility and potential for bone tissue engineering. Collectively, these findings establish PCL-GO-CeO2 nanocomposite as a favourable option for enhancing bone regeneration.
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