Abstract
Because vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is the only oxide that shows both anodic and cathodic coloration electrochromism, the reversible lithium ion insertion/extraction processes in V2O5 lead to not only reversible optical parameter changes but also multicolor changes for esthetics. Because of the outstanding electrochemical properties of V2O5 nanofibers, they show great potential to enhance V2O5 electrochromism. However, the development and practical application of V2O5 nanofibers are still lacking, because traditional preparation approaches have several drawbacks, such as multiple processing steps, unsatisfactory electrical contact with the substrate, expensive equipment, and rigorous experimental conditions. Herein, we first report a novel and convenient strategy to prepare grass-like nanofiber-stacked V2O5 films by a simple annealing treatment of an amorphous, three-dimensionally ordered macroporous vanadia film. The V2O5 nanofiber grassland exhibits promising transmittance modulation, fast switching responses, and high color contrast because of the outstanding electrochemical properties of V2O5 nanofibers as well as the high Li-ion diffusion coefficients and good electrical contact with the substrate. Moreover, the morphology transformation mechanism is investigated in detail.
Highlights
One-dimensional (1D) nanofibers have rapidly emerged as the most promising candidates for building films for EC devices[15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]
The 3DOM vanadia films were prepared by anodic deposition of vanadia into polystyrene colloidal crystal templates
Because the nanostructure of the colloidal crystal was replicated in the 3DOM vanadia film, the film exhibited a honeycomb-like structure throughout the entire volume (Fig. 1a and S1)
Summary
One-dimensional (1D) nanofibers have rapidly emerged as the most promising candidates for building films for EC devices[15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. Diffusion kinetics, such as large surface area, facile strain relaxation, and short Li-ion diffusion distance, can significantly enhance the EC performance of oxides[20]. The vapor transport method[21,22] and catalytic growth process[23] could generate V2O5 nanowire arrays or nanoribbon films directly on silicon substrates These approaches usually require expensive equipment and rigorous experimental conditions, and the relatively high preparation temperature (above 600 °C) prevents transparent current collectors from being suitable as alternative substrates to some extent. We propose a novel and convenient strategy to prepare a grass-like nanofiber V2O5 film as a high-performance EC electrode In this strategy, the V2O5 nanofiber grassland directly on indium-doped tin oxide substrate (ITO) was prepared by a simple annealing treatment of an amorphous three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) vanadia film. The morphology transformation mechanism was investigated in detail
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