Abstract
Nowadays, nanofiltration is widely used for water treatment due to its advantages, such as energy-saving, sustainability, high efficiency, and compact equipment. In the present work, novel nanofiltration membranes based on the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 modified by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—MIL-140A and MIL-125—were developed to increase nanofiltration efficiency for the removal of heavy metal ions and dyes. The structural and physicochemical properties of the developed PIM-1 and PIM-1/MOFs membranes were studied by the spectroscopic technique (FTIR), microscopic methods (SEM and AFM), and contact angle measurement. Transport properties of the developed PIM-1 and PIM-1/MOFs membranes were evaluated in the nanofiltration of the model and real mixtures containing food dyes and heavy metal ions. It was found that the introduction of MOFs (MIL-140A and MIL-125) led to an increase in membrane permeability. It was demonstrated that the membranes could be used to remove and concentrate the food dyes and heavy metal ions from model and real mixtures.
Highlights
Membrane separation methods can be considered as an alternative to traditional separation methods, such as crystallization, sorption, and distillation [1]
The introduction of MIL-140A leads to an increase in the membrane water permeability of ~73% and an increase in the membrane ethanol permeability of ~80% compared to the unmodified PIM-1 membrane
Novel nanofiltration-supported membranes with improved transport characteristics were developed by the deposition of the selective layer based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1, modified with metal-organic frameworks MIL-125 and MIL-140A (20 wt.%), on porous substrate UPM-20
Summary
Membrane separation methods can be considered as an alternative to traditional separation methods, such as crystallization, sorption, and distillation [1]. Ions of heavy metals, such as copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+), iron (Fe3+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), chromium (Cr3+), and lead (Pb2+), pose a serious hazard to human health and the environment [20]. Another important and rapidly developing direction is organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), especially used for the concentration of dyes from organic solvents. The use of nanofiltration for extracting metals and dyes has great advantages over traditional separation methods (sorption, extraction, precipitation), providing effective recovery of target compounds only with a properly selected membrane, and is perspective for various industries, for example in the chemical, textile, petrochemical, and food industries
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