Abstract
In this paper, a new metamaterials-based hypersensitized liquid sensor integrating omega-shaped resonator with microstrip transmission line is proposed. Microwave transmission responses to industrial energy-based liquids are investigated intensively from both numerical and experimental point of view. Simulation results concerning three-dimensional electromagnetic fields have shown that the transmission coefficient of the resonator could be monitored by the magnetic coupling between the transmission line and omega resonator. This sensor structure has been examined by methanol–water and ethanol–water mixtures. Moreover, the designed sensor is demonstrated to be very sensitive for identifying clean and waste transformer oils. A linear response characteristic of shifting the resonance frequency upon the increment of chemical contents/concentrations or changing the oil condition is observed. In addition to the high agreement of transmission coefficients (S21) between simulations and experiments, obvious resonant-frequency shift of transmission spectrum is recognized for typical pure chemical liquids (i.e., PEG 300, isopropyl alcohol, PEG1500, ammonia, and water), giving rise to identify the type and concentration of the chemical liquids. The novelty of the work is to utilize Q factor and minimum value of S21 as sensing agent in the proposed structure, which are seen to be well compatible at different frequencies ranging from 1–20 GHz. This metamaterial integrated transmission line-based sensor is considered to be promising candidate for precise detection of fluidics and for applications in the field of medicine and chemistry.
Highlights
Sensors play a vital role in the development of many technological applications such as robotics, smart devices, industrial process control, and automation
To compare the simulated results again we arranged and measured the value of the transmission response for the different pure chemical liquids at 1–2.5 GHz when the sensor layer filled with polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300), isopropyl alcohol, PEG1500, Ammonia and water
The results show that the proposed structure can detect any chemical liquids putted in the sensor layer
Summary
Sensors play a vital role in the development of many technological applications such as robotics, smart devices, industrial process control, and automation. A transmission line-based metamaterial with rectangular split ring structure for liquid sensing application was designed by Mehmet Bakir et al [24]. This structure was successfully used to detect the authentic and inauthentic gasoline samples over X-band. Results had shown that the resonance frequency depends strongly on aqueous solvents, whereby high unloaded, Q factor of about 400 was achieved using the circular substrate-integrated waveguide (CSIW) sensor This proposed structure can be a promising candidate for application of bio sensing and food processing [29]. The proposed sensor structure can be a promising approach to be applied in energy, chemical, medicine, and other industries such as fuel adulteration sensing application and dielectric characterization of fluidics
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