Novel framework for data collection in wireless sensor networks using flying sensors

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel framework for data collection from a sensor network using flying sensor nodes. Efficient data communication within the network is a necessity as sensor nodes are usually energy constrained. The proposed framework utilizes the various entities forming the network for a different utility compared to their usual role in sensor networks. Use of flying sensor nodes is usually considered for conventional purpose of sensing and monitoring. Flying sensing nodes are usually utilized collectively in the form of an aerial sensor network, they are not expected to function as a data collection entity, as proposed in this framework. Similarly, cluster heads (CHs) are usually expected to transfer the aggregated data to an adjoining CH or to the base station (BS) directly. In the proposed framework the CH transfers data directly to the flying sensor node, averting the need for energy intensive multi-hop inter-cluster communication to relay information to the BS. The flying sensor node is referred as sensor fly. The limitations of a conventional sensor network deployed on ground surface, in respect to the near ground path loss, and communication hindrance due to undulating terrain are avoided in this framework. The proposed framework is therefore highly suitable for sensor network deployment in inhabitable harsh terrain. Fuzzy logic based inference of the clusters (referred as cluster-hops) that could be covered by the sensor fly, governed by the input parameters has been presented.