Abstract
Memory elements (known as mem-elements) include memristor, memcapacitor and meminductor. They are considered the keys to developing the new generation of intelligent and neuromorphic devices. However, the complicated nano-scale manufacturing technique makes them difficult to produce, impeding the research and commercialization activities of mem-element devices. The emerging independent/universal emulators is considered one of the most promising candidates for mem-elements research. In this paper, for the completeness of circuit theory, the mathematical representations, classification, concept of unfolding with the extended formulation of three mem-elements are described, respectively. Then, a newly proposed floating and grounded memory interface circuits with wide frequency range are presented, together with the mathematical model and fingerprints. We also discuss the main affecting factors of frequency and demonstrate that the frequency of memristor is as high as 900kHz, and the highest frequency of memcapacitor also exceeds 500kHz. Finally, we explore a potential application based on the proposed interface circuit, i.e., a simple chaotic circuit. Also, the models, strange attractors, and Lyapunov exponents of three chaotic systems with mem-element are obtained, respectively. There is no doubt that the good agreement among theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results verifies the practicability and flexibility of these interface circuits.
Highlights
All along, as the three fundamental two-terminal passive elements: the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor are mainly capable of dissipating or storing energy - but not of generating it
For the sake of the logical completeness of circuit theory, in 1971, Leon Chua suggested that memristor (MR, abbreviation from ‘memory resistor’) should be the fourth two-terminal fundamental circuit element, which represents the relationship between q and φ [1]
That repre-sents the relationship between σ and φ, and σ is proportional to the time integral of q) and meminductor (ML, known as ‘memory inductor’ that represents the relationship between q and ρ, and ρ is proportional to the time integral of φ) were postulated - but they are not consider as new fundamental circuit elements
Summary
As the three fundamental two-terminal passive elements: the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor are mainly capable of dissipating or storing energy - but not of generating it. In order to accelerate the development of future memory circuits and nonlinear theory, it is important and necessary to design an analog memory interface circuit that well frequency characteristics and does not depend on any type of memory component and curve fitting substitute, which is one of the motivations of this paper We propose such novel floating and grounded interface circuits for constructing mem-elements whose mathematical model is similar to the HP memrisor - but not a quadratic function. They would facilitate the manufacture of prototypes and applications, with a wide frequency range. For the sake of the completeness of the memory system and circuit theory, the basics of mem-elements theories are revisited, such as the their mathematical models, classifications, and the concept of unfolding with extended formulations
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