Novel features of radiating hybrid nanofluid flow past a nonlinear stretchable porous sheet with different nanoparticles shape

Abstract

The present study was studied to better understand the mechanisms of heat transfer through porous media using hybrid nanofluids and focuses on the rate of heat transfer efficiency due to different shapes of TiO2-CuO nanoparticles. This investigation was performed through the nonlinear stretched sheet. TiO2-CuO hybrid nanofluids over non-linear stretched sheet offer advanced solutions for enhancing heat transfer, improving flow stability, reducing energy consumption and optimizing industrial processes. The regulating nonlinear partial differential equations for velocity and temperature were converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using relevant transformations. The equations were resolved numerically using the bvp4c MATLAB package. A comparison was made between two methodologies, namely the bvp4c MATLAB package and the optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM), to confirm the precision of the results obtained in this study with previously reported work. Notable behaviors were noticed when representing the velocity and temperature distributions. Spherical nanoparticles have better flow features and higher heat transfer rates compared to other shapes (Brick, Cylinder and Platelet) because of their uniform distribution and better mixing within the fluid. The velocity distribution of the TiO2-CuO/H2O hybrid nanofluid decreases due to the increased drag and resistance imposed by the Forchheimer parameter ( 0.5 ≤ Fr ≤ 4.5 ). The enhancement in the non-linear stretching parameter ( 1 ≤ m ≤ 3 ) leads to a more significant stretching effect, which in turn increases both velocity and temperature gradients near the sheet.