Novel disaturated triacylglycerol-rich fat from Garcinia mangostana: Lipid compositions, fatty acid distributions, triacylglycerol species and thermal characteristics

Abstract

Mangosteen seed fat (MSF), a novel fat, was extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. that is cultivated widely in tropics of Asia and Africa. MSF was rich in stearic (57.9%), linoleic (20.3%) and oleic acids (16.0%), of which, 41.24% and 52.81% of linoleic and oleic acids occupied the sn-2 position and stearic acid were mainly connected to the sn-1,3 positions. Further triacylglycerol analysis showed that the fat was comprised of disaturated triacylglycerols, predominantly 31.47% SOS, 31.67% SLS, 12.31% PLS, and 7.82% of POS. The relatively uniform triacylglycerol structure contributed to a steep solid fat content profile as temperature increased from 25° to 35°C. MSF and its binary blends with 20% cocoa butter tended to exhibit stable β′ crystal structure with or without tempering, which might be attributed to steric hindrance from linoleoyl moieties. Our results suggest that MSF may be particularly suitable for the manufacture of fat bases for mucosal delivery tablets, skincare products, and cosmetics, where the IV crystal form structures are required.