Novel Design of Photovoltaic System Coupled with Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage

Abstract

Because of their simplicity, ease of operation, and low cost, photovoltaic (PV) thermal systems have been constructed for commercial operation, particularly in developing countries. This work presents a new solar electric thermal energy storage system. The design is of a PV standalone with a packed bed thermal energy storage unit. The unit is intended for use as an economic storage system to supply the heating load (air space and water) with thermal energy where the gap between the main source and the load demand occurs during the night. The bed is packed with different materials that have high thermal properties. Design, savings, and operation are also discussed. The PV system is very efficient for rural areas, especially those with high insulation. The results show that the steel bed gives maximum thermal energy storage, while the pebble bed gives a minimum amount of thermal energy storage. The air mass flow rate affects the storage capacity and charging time. Also, the mathematical results of the electrical energy savings using this novel system ensure the economic point of view and show that it is more efficient for heating loads than other systems. This novel solar system consisting of PV standalone combined with a packed bed thermal storage and heating load overcomes the disadvantages of batteries.