Abstract
Ombugadu A*1, Abbas AA2, Namo J E3, Echor BO4, Ahmed HO1, Atabo EJ5, Tanko NS6, Pam VA1, Njila HL4, Deme GG7, Attah SA1, Samuel MD1, Angbalaga GA8, Aimankhu OP1, Nkup CD9, Micah EM1, Akpason EA8, Adejoh VA1, Lapang PM10 Author Affiliations 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. 2Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Plot 252 Herbert Macaulay Way, Maina Court, Central Business District, Garki-Abuja. 3Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. 5Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. 6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. 7State Key Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, PR China. 8Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal of University Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. 9Department of Biology, College of Arts, Science and Technology, Kurgwi, Qua’an Pan LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. 10Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Received: February 01, 2021| Published: February 12, 2021 Corresponding author: Ombugadu A, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria akwash24@gmail.com DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.33.005465
Highlights
The novel coronaviruses 2019 cannot be talked about in isolation of bats who serve as reservoir host [1] and are present in urban settlements [2,3]
The COVID–19 which is caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2) had been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30th January 2020 and was subsequently declared a global pandemic by the WHO on 11th March 2020 [4,5]
To successfully eliminate or reduce the infection rate of COVID-19 by agencies of government or non-governmental organizations, priority should be given to the nature of settlement which will determine the most effective strategy in relation to other demographic structure and associated risk factors
Summary
The novel coronaviruses 2019 (nCoV-2019 or COVID-19) cannot be talked about in isolation of bats who serve as reservoir host [1] and are present in urban settlements [2,3]. Though the rate of infection in Africa has been relatively lower when compared to advanced nations, one hypothesis suggest that the lower mortality rate in African settlements maybe due to regular exposure to other coronaviruses, malaria or many other infections in the past which could have primed the immune system against the novel coronavirus for some early defense response [25,26] Another hypothesis attributes resistance to genetic factors which have not yet been identified [25]. Lilford et al [31] sounded an alarm that the time is ripe to revisit the Urban Agenda with a strong emphasis on slum health and slum upgrading and on strengthening the capacities of urban governments to work with people who live in slums to act on these They posited that this will go a long way in securing commitments in ensuring that policies are backed up with adequate finance. This review compared the relative level of COVID-19 outbreak in urban centers in relation to settlement patterns that could explain the variations in COVID-19 burden in Northern and Southern Nigeria and well as the public health implication of bats population dynamics in urban settlement
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