Novel brominated flame retardants relevant for European aquatic environments: ranking of analytes to monitor and focus on the French Eastern Mediterranean coastline.

Abstract

Around a hundred of novel brominated flame retardants are currently being used to replace those regulated in the 2000s. However, data about their production, usage, and toxicity is still scarce, as well as their levels of contamination in the Mediterranean Sea and the subsequent risk. Our goal was to select the relevant novel brominated flame retardants to monitor and to apply it along the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. We proposed a ranking for novel brominated flame retardants based on their production or import, occurrence, and ecotoxicology, yielding to a selection of 21 priority molecules. From this list, 16 compounds were analyzed in ten coastal suspended matter samples, together with six related chemicals. To assess their occurrence in comparison to better documented flame retardants, eight legacy polybromodiphenyl ethers, seven polychlorobiphenyls, and short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins were also targeted. Novel brominated flame retardants and polychlorobiphenyls were detected in all the samples. Polybromodiphenyl ethers and chlorinated paraffins were detected in nine and seven samples, respectively. Out of the 22 novel brominated flame retardants analyzed, nine were detected, with total concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 18.5ng.g-1 d.w., which was often higher than that of polybromodiphenyl ethers. A high risk for 2,4,6‑tribromophenol and PCB118 was assessed in two and six samples, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first priority ranking and screening of most of the novel brominated flame retardants selected in the French Mediterranean Sea.