Abstract
Citizens are expected to require the growth of multiple Internet of Things (IoT) -based applications to improve public and private services. According to their concept, smart cities seek to improve the efficiency, reliability, and resilience of these services. Consequently, this paper searches for a new vision for resolving problems related to the quick deployment of a wireless sensor network (WSN) by using a sizing model and considering the capacity and coverage of the concentrators. Additionally, three different routing models of these technology resources are presented as alternatives for each WSN deployment to ensure connectivity between smart meters and hubs required for smart metering. On the other hand, these solutions must reduce costs when this type of wireless communication network is deployed. The present work proposes various optimization models that consider the physical and network layers in order to integrate different wireless communication technologies, thus reducing costs in terms of the minimum number of data aggregation points. Using a heterogeneous wireless network can reduce resource costs and energy consumption in comparison to a single cellular technology, as proposed in previous works. This work proposes a sizing model and three different models for routing wireless networks. In each case, constraints are evaluated and can be associated with different real-world scenarios. This document provides an optimization model that encompasses all of the proposed constraints; due to the combinatorial nature of the problem, this would require a heuristic technique.
Highlights
This paper outlines the need for rapid deployment of wireless sensors for applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), which are required in smart cities where, in each case, rapid deployment, low costs, and the possibility of using a variety of technological solutions are required [1,2]
The novel contribution of this model was the establishment of a multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) that used cross-layer information to determine the routing of the network layers while involving decision aspects, such as wireless link capacity and traffic flow demands
This paper focused on the sizing and routing of wireless sensor networks deployed for the provision of new IoT services and applications for smart cities by considering the locations of data aggregation points (DAPs) in a neighborhood area network
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This situation indicates that it is necessary to optimize the number of hops in order to reduce energy consumption in the routing process [7] Most research in this area is related to IoT in the frame of prototypes and various applications with sensors as emerging technologies, but when it is required to scale to services for smart cities, the context changes because it involves the interconnection of multiple sensors installed for various services. The present work provides the possibility of promptly using several wireless sensors for IoT applications in smart city services with management from the central offices of a public or private company through optimal sizing and routing [8,9,10].
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